Republic Day - भारतस्य संविधानम्

भारतदेशोऽयं सम्पूर्णवैश्विकक्षेत्रे बृहत्तमलोकतान्त्रिकव्यवस्थः, अस्य देशस्य लोकतान्त्रिकसिद्धान्तानां सङ्ग्रहभूतः सर्वोपरिमान्यश्च ग्रन्थोऽयं संविधाननाम्ना प्रथितः I संविधानमित्युक्ते न्यायक्षेत्रे मूलसिद्धान्तानां सङ्ग्रहः, यदाश्रित्य देशे व्यवस्थाः प्रचाल्यन्ते I “संविधानम्” इत्यत्र “सम्” उपसर्गपूर्वकस्य “वि” पूर्वकस्य “डु धाञ् धारणपोषणयोः” इति धातोः “ल्युट्” प्रत्यये “संविधानम्” इति शब्दस्य व्युपत्तिः जायते I संविधीयते अनेन इत्यर्थे एवं श्ब्दो व्युत्पद्यते I “संविधान” इत्यस्य सम्यग्रीत्या विहितमित्यर्थः, अथवा क्रमेण संरचना, अथवा उपायः इत्यपि अर्थः व्याख्यातुं शक्यते I एवं, संविधानं भारते न्यायव्यवस्थायाः परमं प्रमाणम् I

संविधाननिर्माणपूर्वपीठिका

सर्वैर्ज्ञातमेव यत् पूर्वम् आङ्ग्लानां प्रशासनेन देशस्य सञ्चालनं क्रियते स्म, परं १९४७ वर्षे, स्वातन्त्र्यप्राप्तौ अपि परिवर्तनन्यायव्यवस्थायाः स्थापना कृता, ततः परं यदा १९५० वर्षे संविधानस्य अङ्गीकारः संसदि सञ्जातः, ततः परमेव वस्तुतः भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतया प्रचालनमारब्धम् I १९३५ मध्ये आङ्ग्लैः कृत “भारतसर्वकारनियमः”, स्वतन्त्रतया संविधानस्य निर्माणस्य बीजभूतमासीत् I ततः भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतासेनान्यः पूर्वमेव लोकतान्त्रिकव्यवस्थास्थापनाय दत्तचित्ताः आसन् I पश्चात् आङ्ग्लप्रशासनेनैवे भारत्स्य स्वतन्त्रसंविधानस्य आवश्यकताङ्गीकृता, तथा च १९४२ वर्षे सर्वथा स्वतन्त्रतायाः कृते प्रयत्नवतां च स्वतन्त्रतासेनान्यां चेतसि मुख्यतया संविधानस्य निर्माणे तीव्रेच्छा सम्भूता, तदनुगुणं च १९४६ वर्षे एव भारतसंविधाननिर्माणसमितेः घटनं जातम् I तथा चान्ते १९४७ वर्षानन्तरमेव १९५० वर्षे जानुअरि मासस्य २६ तिथौ संविधानस्य सफलतया अभ्युपगमः पूर्णः, यदाश्रित्यैव प्रतिवर्षं गणतन्त्रोत्सवस्याचरणं प्रतिगृहं सहर्षोल्लासं भवति I इत्थं सारांशेन संविधाननिर्माणपूर्वपीठिका निगदिता I 

 १९२८ वर्षे सर्वप्रथमं भारतसंविधानस्य मूलरूपत्वेन जवहरलालनेहरोः नेतृत्वे संरचितः सर्वराजनैतिकदलानुमतः एकः लेखविशेषः यत्र भारतस्य प्रभुत्वार्थं नूतनसंघीयराष्ट्रनिर्माणार्थं च सङ्कल्पभूतनियमान् दधौ, तत्र च विशेषेण निर्वाचनविषये, तत्र च अल्पसङ्ख्यकानां कृते आरक्षणस्यापि विषये चर्चा कृता I अस्य मूलमासीत् यदा १९१९ वर्षस्य भारतसर्वकारनियमे आङ्ग्लप्रशासनेन भारतीयजनाः मार्गप्रदर्शकत्वेन नान्तर्भाविताः, तदा १९२७ वर्षे “अन्ने बसन्ती” महोदया गणितभारतीयैर्युता अनधिकारिकसंविधाननिर्माणं चक्रे, यस्य च कानपुरे सर्वराजनीतिदलैरनुमतिः प्रदत्ता, तच्च १९२७ वर्षस्य आङ्ग्लसर्वकारेण तिरस्कृतम्, उक्तं च, यदि शक्यं, तर्हि भारतीयैः आङ्ग्लैः सह प्रायः सहमत्या संविधाननिर्माणं कार्यमिति I एतच्छ्रुत्वा स्वतन्त्रतासेनानीभिः तत्काले रचितभारतीयसंविधानस्य अनुमत्यप्रदाने, असहकारिविरोधप्रदर्शनस्य निश्चयश्च कृतः I एतद्वोरोधेन मोहम्मद अलि जिन्नाः सर्वमुसलमानदलसहितः जिन्नाचतुर्दशनियमान् मुसलमानपक्षे आविष्चकार I 

संविधानस्य निर्माणम्  

फ्रांसदेशनियमानुसारं १९४६ वर्षे ६ डिसेम्बर मासे संविधानसमितेः निर्माणं जातम् I ९ डिसेम्बर मध्ये संसद्भवनस्य मध्यकक्षायां प्रथमसम्मेलनं जातम् I तस्य प्रथमसम्बोधकः आचार्यकृपालिनीवर्यः, प्रासङ्गिकसभाध्यक्षत्वेन च सचिदानन्दसिन्हा महोदयः कार्यनिर्वहणं कारितः I ११ डिसेम्बर १९४६ मध्ये अस्य मुख्याध्यक्षत्वेन राजेन्द्रप्रसादवर्याः, उपाध्यक्षत्वेन हरेन्द्रमुखर्जी महोदयाः, सांविधानिकन्यायोपदेशकत्वेन ब.न. राउ वर्याश्च नियुक्ताः I १३ डिसेम्बर मासे ज्वहरलालनेहरुणा संविधानस्य मूलभूतसिद्धान्तानां सङ्ग्रहरूपः उद्देश्यप्रस्तावः प्रस्तुतः, यः गच्छता कालेन संविधानप्रस्तावनात्वं भेजे I २२ जानुअरि १९४७ मध्ये उद्देश्यप्रस्तावः सर्वसहमत्या स्वीकृतः, तथा भारतीयध्वजस्य च स्वीकारोऽभूत् I १५ अगस्त मासे १९४७ वर्षे भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रानन्तरं भारतस्य विभाजनानन्तरं च अगस्तमासस्यैव २९ दिनाङ्के ब.आर. अम्बेड्करस्य नेतृत्वे षड्जनानां समितेः सङ्गठनं जातम् I ते च षट् पारिषदाः – क.म. मुंशी महोदयाः, मुहम्मद सदुअल्लाः, अल्लडि कृष्णस्वामि अय्यर महाभागाः, गोपालस्वामि ऐय्यङ्गार महाभागाः तथा देवीप्रसाद खैतान महाभागाः, ब.ल. मिट्टरः च I २६ नवम्बर १९४९ मध्ये सभायां संविधानस्य स्वीकृतिर्जाता, तथा च अन्ते, २४ जानुअरि १९५० मध्ये संविधानविषये अन्तिमं सम्मेलनमभवत्, यत्र ३९५ नियमलेख - २२ भाग - ८ विस्तृतलेखमण्डितं संविधानं हस्ताक्षरितं सदस्यैः I एवं च २६ जानुअरि १९५० दिनाङ्के, भारतस्य संविधानस्य नियोगः कृतः देशसञ्चालने, अतश्च ततः प्रभृति, २६ जानुअरि गणतत्न्त्रोत्सवरूपेण जनैः सहर्षोल्लासं आचर्यते I एवं, संविधाननिर्माणार्थं द्वौ संवत्सरौ, एकादशमासाः तथा अष्टादशाहानि अपेक्षितानि, व्ययश्च चतुष्षष्टिरूप्यकाणां, ग.व मालवकारमहोदयाः लोकसभायाः प्रथमाध्यक्षत्वेन च चिताः, एवं च जातो लोकतान्त्रिकगणतान्त्रिकदेशो भारतः I

संविधानस्य निर्माणप्रक्रिया

संविधानस्य प्रारूपं तावत् ब.न. राउ महाभागैः संरचितं, तच्च अम्बेड्करनेतृत्ववन्निरीक्षणसमित्या परिष्कृत्य प्रकाशितम् I भारतसंविधाननिर्माणपूर्वं ब.न. राउ महाभागैः बुर्मादेशस्य संविधाननिर्माणे महत्त्वपूर्णसहयोगः दत्तः, तथा च यदा भारतसंविधाननिर्माणार्थम् उपदेशकत्वेन नियुक्तः, तदा तैः अमरीका, कनाडा, आइर्लाण्ड तथा यू.के. इति देशानां सुदीर्घयात्राभिः तत्तत्संविधानां सविस्तरमध्ययनं प्रचक्रे I तत्र अमरीकादेशस्य सर्वोच्चन्यायालयन्यायाधीशः (ड्यू प्रोसेस्स) इति दलनिवेशस्य निषेधं सयुक्तिकमुपपादयामास, यतः तेन न्यायव्यवस्थायामनावश्यकः भारः स्यात् I प्रत्यागतैरध्ययनानुगुणं निर्मिते संविधानप्रारूपे २४३ नियमलेखाः तथा १३ विस्तृतलेखाः सङ्कलिताः, याः परं अम्बेड्करादीनां समीक्षणसमितिषु बहुशो वादविचारानन्तरं ३९५ नियमलेखैः ८ विस्तृतलेखैश्चोपबृंहितः ग्रन्थः निर्मितः प्रकाशितश्च I संविधानस्य प्रकाशनात्प्राक् ११ सम्मेलनानि १६५ दिनेषु कृतानि I नवम्बरमासस्य २६ दिनाङ्के यदा संविधानस्य अभ्युपगमो जातः, तदहः साभिमानं प्रतिवर्षं श्रीनरेन्द्रमोदीमहाभागानां मार्गनिर्देशानुसारं २०१५ वर्षानन्तरं “संविधानदिवसः” इति नाम्ना भारतीयप्रजाभिराचर्यते I अस्याः समितेः अन्तिमसम्मेलने यत् २४ जानुअरि १९५० वर्षे आसीत्, सर्वैरपि २८४ सदस्यैः एकस्मिन् संविधानप्रतिनिधौ आङ्ग्लभाषायाम् अपरस्मिन् च प्रतिनिधौ हिन्दीभाषायां हस्ताक्षराः दत्ताः I संविधानस्य मूलः प्रतिनिधिः वङ्गदेशात् शान्तिनिकेतनात् आगतैः “राममनोहर सिन्हा” तथा “नन्दलाल बोस” प्रमुखैः कलाकारैः प्रतिपुटमलङ्कृतः I अस्य सुन्दरलिपिकरणं प्रेम बहैर नरैन रैज़ादा इत्याख्येन कृतमस्ति I अस्य मूलप्रतिनिधेः प्रकाशनं देहरादुन क्षेत्रे कृतं तथा चास्य भास्मलेखनं (फोटोलितोग्रफि) भारतसर्वेक्षणविभागेन कृतम् I संविधाननियोगानन्तरं च मूलसंविधाने शताधिकपरिष्काराः कृताः सन्ति I 

संविधानस्य भागाः

मूलतः, ३९५ नियमलेखाः ८ विस्तृतलेखाश्च आसन्, परमद्यतनभारतीयसंविधाने ४६७ नियमलेखाः, २२ भागाः तथा १२ विस्तृतलेखाः च सन्ति I प्रायः तत्र के के विषयाः अन्तर्भाविताः इति सिम्हावलोकनं कुर्मः I 

भागः १	लेखाः १ – ४	अस्मिन् भागे भारतस्य विविधराष्ट्रसमूहत्वेन लक्षणं, राष्ट्राणां निर्माणस्य सीमापरिवर्तनस्य च प्रावधानं दीयते|
भागः २	लेखाः ५ – ११	संविधाने नागरिकताविषये नियमाः, तथा च संसदि नागरिकतानियमेषु परिवर्तनस्य च प्रावधानं दीयते|
भागः ३	लेखाः १२ – ३५	अत्र मौलिकाधिकाराणां विस्तृतचर्चा कृता वर्तते I न्यायस्य पुरतः सर्वेषां समानता, अभिव्यक्तेः स्वतन्त्रता, विभिन्नधर्माणां स्वतन्त्रता, विद्याप्रप्तेरधिकाराः, इत्यदिविषयाः अत्र चर्चिताः I
भागः ४	लेखाः ३६ – ५१	अत्र राष्ट्रनीतेः चर्चाः उद्धृताः, यथा सामाजिकन्यायहितादिविषयाणां चर्चाः कृताः सन्ति I
भागः ४ अ	लेखः ५१.अ	राष्ट्रं प्रति मौलिककर्तव्याः अत्र सङ्गृहीताः I
भागः ५	लेखाः ५२ – १५१	राष्ट्रपतेः, उपराष्ट्रपतेः, मन्त्रिमण्डलस्य, संसदः, सर्वोचन्यायालयास्य, नियन्त्रकमहालेखापरीक्षकयोः च विषये नियमाः उल्लिखिताः I
भागः ६	लेखाः १५२ - २३७	राज्यपालस्य, विधायकानाम्, उच्चन्यायालयानां च विषये चर्चा I
भागः ७		पार्ट बी राज्यानां कृते नियमाः I
भागः ८	लेखाः २३९ – २४२	केन्द्रप्रशासितक्षेत्राणां नियमाः, देहल्याः पुदुच्चेरी क्षेत्रस्य च कृते विशेषप्रावधानानि I
भागः ९ भागः ९ अ भागः ९ ब	लेखाः २४३ – २४३ ओ लेखाः २४३ पी – २४३ ज़ेड जी लेखाः २४३ ज़ेड एच – २४३ ज़ेड टि	पञ्चायतविषये I नागरपालिकोपरि नियमाः I सहकारिसमितीनां विषये चर्चा ९७ परिष्कारेण अन्तर्भाविता I
भागः १०	लेखाः २४४ – २४४ अ	अनुसूचितक्षेत्राणां जनजातीयक्षेत्राणां च प्रशासननियमाः I
भागः ११	लेखाः २४५ – २६३	केन्द्रप्रशासितक्षेत्राणां राज्यानां च परस्परसम्बन्धविषये I
भागः १२	लेखाः २६४ – ३०० अ	अर्थव्यवस्था, करविभागः, सम्पत्तिः इत्यदीनां नियमाः I
भागः १३	लेखाः ३०१ -३०७	व्यापारस्य वाणिज्यस्य च नियमाः I
भागः १४  भागः १४ अ	लेखाः ३०८ – ३२३  लेखाः ३२३ अ – ३२३ ब	केन्द्रीयसेवासम्बद्धविचाराः न्यायादिकरणविषये नियमाः
भागः १५	लेखाः ३२४ – ३२९ अ	निर्वाचननियमाः
भागः १६	लेखाः ३३० – ३४२	जातिविशेषादिभ्यः, आङ्ग्लभारतीयादीनां कृते च विशेषप्रावधानानि लिखितानि
भागः १७	लेखाः ३४३ - ३५१	राजकीयभाषाणां निर्णयः
भागः १८	लेखाः ३५२ – ३६०	आपत्कालीनप्रावधानानि
भागः १९	लेखाः ३६१ – ३६७	अन्यनियमाः
भागः २०	लेखः ३६८	संविधाने परिष्कारस्य कृते नियमाः
भागः २१	लेखाः ३६९ – ३९२	जम्मू-कश्मीरक्षेत्रे विशेषप्रावधानानि यत्र परिष्काराः अधुना कृताः
भागः २२	लेखाः ३९३ – ३९५	उद्धरणानि जी एस टि विषये नियमाः अत्र उल्लिखिताः

 

केचन मुख्यपरिष्काराः

यद्यपि संविधाने १०६ परिष्काराः जाताः तथा सर्वेषामपि प्रमुखो हेतुः स्यात्, तथापि विशिष्य वयम ५ – ६ परिष्काराणां केवलं सिम्हावलोकनं कुर्मः I 

प्रथमपरिष्कारे एव अभिव्यक्तिस्वतन्त्रतायां कानिचन नियन्त्रणानि नेहरुसर्वकारेण स्थापितानि, कारणमासीत् यत् तत्कालीनप्रधानमन्त्री विरोधिनां निरङ्कुशाभिव्यक्त्या, देशविभाजनेन अभिवर्धमानेन सामुदायिकवाक्यैश्च चिन्तितः, अतः समाजे विरोधजनकवक्तव्यस्य, अथवा हिंसाजनकवक्तव्यादीनां कृते निषेधः स्थापितः, तथा च भूमिपतित्वोत्सादननियमाः समथिताःI 

सप्तमपरिष्कारः भारते राष्ट्राणां सीमानिर्धारणे तथा पूर्वतनचतुर्विधवर्गीकरणनिष्कारणे च मुख्यतां भजते I एतेन महाराष्ट्रगुजरातराज्ययोः विभाजनं च अनुमतम्, राज्यसभायां नव्यसदस्यानां प्रवेशसम्भवत्वं च कारितं, १५३ लेखे एकः राज्यपालः एकस्मै राज्याय इति नियमे राष्ट्रपतिना एकस्य द्व्यधिकराज्येष्वपि समकाले एव राज्यपालत्वेन नियोगस्यापि प्रावधानं कृतम् I प्रतिराज्याच्च विधानसभायां प्रतिनिधित्वसङ्ख्यायां लघुराज्यहिते सङ्ख्यापरिवर्तनमपि कृतम् I

चतुर्विंशतिपरिष्कारे संविधाने यत्र कुत्रापि नियमानुसारं परिष्कारस्य प्रावधानानि दत्तानि I

द्विचतुर्विंशत्परिष्कारोऽयं आपत्कालीननियमनियोगसमये तत्कालीनप्रधानमन्त्रि – इन्दिरा - गान्धिना असंवैधानिकरीत्या भारतसंविधानप्रस्तावनायां “सामाजवादि” “धर्मनिरपेक्ष” इति द्वौ पदौ निवेशितौ, तथा च न्यायालयादिसंस्थाभ्यः अधिकाधिकाराः संसदे प्रदत्ताः तत्कालीनापत्कलीननियमलब्धशक्त्यनुरूपम् I पूर्वतननिर्वाचनवादविवादाः अनेन परिष्कारेण अयुक्तरीत्या चोपशमं नीताः I

षडशीतिपरिष्कारे ६ – १४ वर्षेभ्यः बालकेभ्यः विद्याप्राप्तिः मौलिकाधिकारत्वेन निर्दिष्टः, पूर्वतनलेखे तु ६ वर्षपर्यन्तं बालानां शिक्षणमुल्लिखितमासीत्, अत्र मुख्यतया एतदपि परिष्कृतं यत् ६ – १४ वर्षबालानां पित्रोः रक्षकस्य वा अयं मौलिककर्तव्यः यत् बालाः तद्वयसि सुयोग्यां शिक्षां प्राप्नुयुः इति I 

एकाधिकशततमपरिष्कारः जी एस टी इति करविशेषस्य प्रस्तावकः आसीत्, यत्र बहवः अप्रत्यक्षकराः एकस्मिन् एव करे अन्तर्भाविताः, अनेन करव्यवस्थायाः शृङ्खलाप्रभावः अल्पीकृतः, तथा च एकत्ववद्भारतापणव्यवस्था स्थापिता I उभेऽपि सभे जी एस् टी विषये निर्णेतुमधिकारं प्रदत्ते I

षडधिकशततमपरिष्कारे नारीणां कृते लोकसभायामेकः त्रयांशः आरक्षितः I अयं परिष्कारः बहुपूर्वकाले एव आरब्धः, २००८ वर्षे च राज्यसभायां बहुमतं प्राप्य लोकसभायां नाग्रे सर्तुमशकत् I अधुना २०२३ वर्षे नारीशक्त्यभियानरूपेण सभायां सफलतया बहुमतं प्राप्तं, परम् अस्य नियोगस्तु अग्रिमजनगणनानन्तरमेव भविष्यति I 

समाप्तिः

 इत्थं च प्रजाहिते स्वसर्वस्वं त्यक्तवतां महाराजानां पुण्यभूमौ भारतवर्षे प्रजाहिताय निर्मितेऽस्मिन् जगतो बृहत्तमे संविधाने यद्यपि बहूनां देशानां संविधानस्य सिद्धान्ताः सर्वतश्चितमध्विव भ्रमरैः स्वकोशे अन्तर्भाविताः, स्वविशदेतिहासस्य गरिमा न न्यूनीकृतः, परं रक्षितः I यद्यपि सन्ति बहवः परिवर्तनीयाः अंशाः संविधाने, क्रमेण च क्रियते एव तनुकूलं कार्यं, तथापि तत्र दोषदृष्टिरुपदातुं न शक्या, यतोऽन्ते सर्वे अल्पज्ञत्वावच्छिन्नमानवाः एव I तथापि एतादृशबृहत्तमसुन्दरतमजगत्प्रशंसनीयसंविधानस्य निर्मातृभ्यो वयं साभिमानं कृतज्ञतां प्रशास्महे I

 

 

INS Kaudinya- जयतु भारतं

 आई.एन.एस.वी कौण्डिन्य

विषयप्रवेशः

“आई.एन.एस.वी कौण्डिन्य” इति नाम्ना प्रथितेयं नौः भारतस्य सजीवेतिहासस्य भव्यः प्रतीकः वर्तते I एकविंशतिशताब्धौ यदा आधुनिकयन्त्रैः प्रगतिशीलतन्त्रज्ञानेन च सर्वे युवानः प्रभाविताः, अस्याः नावः निर्माणं भारतस्य विशदेतिहासान्तर्गतानुपमविज्ञानवैभवं तेषां चक्षुषां पुरतः प्रकटयति | भारतीयनौसेनायां यद्यपि सन्ति शतशो नावः रिपुघातकपरमाण्वाद्यस्त्रशक्तिसुसज्जिताः चर्चां चालङ्कुर्वन्ति, व्यापारर्थं च अनेकाः नूतनतन्त्रज्ञानोपेताः नावः वैश्विकस्तरे स्पर्धन्ते, अस्याः नावः निर्माणम् अस्माकं गौरवशालीतिहासस्य आधुनिकयन्त्राद्यनपेक्षयैव समुद्रे घोरचक्रवातादिभिरविचलितनौभिरतिदूरस्थदेशैः सह व्यापारस्य विस्तरणरूपायाः विज्ञानपद्धतेः आविष्करणेन अत्यन्तं प्रमुखतां भजते | एवम् आई.एन.एस.वी कौण्डिन्य नौकेयं विश्वराजनयेन सार्धं भारतस्य पुरातनसामुद्रिकविज्ञानस्याप्याविष्कर्तास्ति |

नाम्नो विवरणम्

प्रथमं वयम् “आई.एन.एस.वी कौण्डिन्य” इति नामधेयस्यार्थवलोकनं कुर्मः | “आई.एन.एस.वी” इत्यस्य “इण्डियन् नेवल् सैलिङ्ग वेस्सेल,” अर्थात् भरतीयनौसेनातरणयन्त्रम्| कौण्डिन्यः इति भारतस्य इतिहासे नाम्नोपलब्धः प्रथमः नाविकः, यः कलिङ्गदेशात् तरन् जम्बूद्वीपस्य पूर्वदक्षिणादिशि नावा कम्बोडिया-वेट्नाम्-थाई इति देशान् प्राप्य तत्रस्थराजपुत्रीं परिणीय स्वकौशलेन नियतेन च तान् प्रदेशान् शशास |

कौण्डिन्यस्य कथा

अयं कौण्डिन्यः विक्रमोत्तरप्रथमशताब्द्यां भारतदेशस्य कलिङ्गराज्ये सुप्रसिद्धे ब्राह्मणकुले आविर्भूतः, बहुशास्त्रपारङ्गतश्च सम्बभूव |  केषाञ्चन विदुषां मतानुसारं न्यायासङ्गतव्यवहारेण अपरकारणवशाद्वा कलिङ्गान्निर्गतोऽयं दारुकाष्ठारज्ज्वादिनिर्मितनावा सानुगः वङ्गसमुद्रमुत्तीर्य आधुनिककाम्बोडियादेशप्रान्तमवाप| तत्र च सोमाख्यनागकन्यादेशकारिभिः दस्युभिराक्रान्तः स्वकुशलमत्या धर्येण च सर्वान् पराजित्य युद्धजनितक्षयां नावं तत्तीरे प्रतिष्ठाप्य सम्यक्करणार्थं प्रबलसपत्नाक्रमणमपेक्षमाणः साशङ्कस्तस्थौ | कौण्डिन्यपराक्रमहृतहृदया राजपुत्री सोमा तु तमेव भर्तारं वव्रे, विवाहार्थं प्रस्तावं च कौण्डिन्याय प्रेषयाञ्चक्रे I भृशं मोमुद्यमानः कौण्डिन्योऽयं अवसरस्य लाभं गृहाणः तां यथाविधि उदवोढ, तया सह सुखमवात्सीत् | क्रमेण च आधुनिक-काम्बोडिया-वेट्नाम्-थाई-भूखण्डान् वशीकृत्य फुनाख्यवंशप्रतिष्ठापकत्वेन सनातनधर्मनियमानुसारं शशास| तत्र च धूर्जटेर्मुररिपोश्च अनेकानि मन्दिराणि निर्माय सनातनस्य विस्तारं प्रचक्रे I अस्य नाम विविधभाषादर्शनेन भिन्नतामाधत्ते, यथा – संस्कृते हिन्दीभाषायां च “कौण्डिन्य” इति, चीनीभाषायां “हुन्टैन्” इति, ख्मेर् भाषायां च “प्रेह थोङ्ग” इति प्रथितः| समानरीत्या राजपुत्र्याः नाम – “सोमा” इति संस्कृते हिन्दीभाषायां च, ख्मेरभाषायां “नेङ्ग नेक” इति, चीनीभाषायां “लिये” इति, वेट्नमीसभाषायां च “लियु दीप” इति च वर्तते |

प्रमाणम्

अत्र प्रमाणत्वेन विश्वैतिहासिकस्थले “मै सोन” स्थले प्राप्तः एकः शिलालेखः नितरां बाभायते|  अस्यां शिलालेखायामेवमुल्लेखः लभ्यते –

तत्र स्थापितवान् शूलं कौण्डिन्यस् तद्द्विजर्षभः | अश्वत्थाम्नो द्विजश्रेष्ठाद् द्रोणपुत्राद् अवाप्य तम् ||

कुलासीद् भुजगेन्द्रकन्या सोमेति सा वंशकरी पृथिव्याम् | आश्रित्य भावेतिविशेषवस्तु यामानुषावासमुवास ||

कौण्डिन्यनाम्ना द्विजपुङ्गवेन कार्यार्थपत्नीत्वनायि यापि | भविष्य्तोऽर्थस्य निमित्तभावे विधेरचिन्त्यं खलु चेष्टितं हि ||

निर्माणम्

अस्याः नावः निर्माणकल्पनाकर्ता ड.र. सञ्जय-सान्यालमहोदयः अत्यन्तं ख्यातः अर्थशास्त्री, ऐतिहासिकः, लेखकश्च | स्वज्ञानकर्मबलेन चायं प्रधानमन्त्रिवर्यस्य अर्थशास्त्रपरामर्शकत्वेन सर्वकारे नियुक्तः | अस्य निर्माणर्थं तैः सिन्धुसरस्वतीसभ्यतायां व्यापारनौकानामुपरि संशोधनं कृतम् | यद्यपि तत्काले एव व्यापारार्थं नौकोपयोगः प्रमाणितः, परं स्पष्टतया निर्माणविधिसामग्र्यादिज्ञानं न प्राप्यते | स्पष्टतया तु मौर्यमुद्रायां मध्ये चित्रंप्रतीयते, परन्त्वस्याः नौकायाः मुख्यरूपेण निदानभूतमस्ति अजन्तागुहासु तरन्नावश्चित्रविशेषः यत्र निर्माणस्य सम्यग्रीत्या ऊहा सम्पादयितुं शक्या | निर्माणविद्यार्थं युक्तिकल्पतर्वादिप्राचीनग्रन्थानां निर्देशाः अनुसृताः | एतदाकारिका नौः प्रायः गुप्तकालीना पञ्चमशाताब्धिकेति विदुषां मतम् I अस्याः नावः इदं वैशिष्ट्यं यत् अत्र निर्माणे किमपि आधुनिकं चालकयन्त्रं नोपयुक्तमस्ति |  नौकायां दक्षिणभारततः गण्डभेरुण्ड-सिंहयालि-मुख्यमुद्राः,  सार्धमेव सिन्धुसरस्वतीसभ्यतायाम् इव नौबन्धनकीलश्च प्रयुक्तः | काष्ठाः, नारिकेलतन्तुभिः रज्जुभिश्च सीविताः, रन्ध्रनिवारणार्थं च प्राकृतिकधूणकस्योपयोगः कृतः यत्र सर्वथा जलप्रवेशोऽशक्यतां नीतः | अत्र कीलानां शून्यः प्रयोगः यतः काष्ठाः परस्परं रज्जुभिः सीवनेन सम्बद्धाः | अस्याः विचित्रकलायाः प्रवर्तकाः अद्य जगति न्यूनातिन्यूनाः एव | अनया कलया नौकानिर्माताराः बाबु-शङ्करमहोदयाः शैशवे शिक्षितसीवितनौकापरिमणाः सौभाग्येन लब्धाः, येषामविरतप्रयत्नेनैव इयं परियोजना सफलतां गता |

अस्याः नौकायाः आरम्भः सेप्टेम्बेर्मासे २०२३ वर्षे जातः, तथ्यस्य प्रत्यक्षीकरणं भारतीयनौसेनास्थपतिभिः हेमन्तकुमारमहोदयैः सम्पादितम् I|परियोजनायाः वित्तनियोगाय सांस्कृतिकमन्त्रालयः, भारतीयनौसेना, होदि इन्नोवेशंस इति त्रिभिः लिखिताङ्गीकारे हस्ताक्षराः प्रदत्ताः | आइ. आइ. टी. मद्रासतः काष्ठानां “हैड्रोदैनमिक” इत्यस्य सक्षमता प्रमाणिता | अस्य फेब्रुवरिमासे प्रकाशनं कृतं तथा नौसेनायां “आई.एन.एस.वी कौण्डिन्य” इति नाम्नान्तर्गणनापि कृता | यतः एतादृशनौकाचालनविषये न कोऽपि सप्राणः मानवः अभिज्ञः अतः बहुधा परीक्ष्यैव एतदध्येतव्यं भवेत् |

प्रथमजलयात्रा

अस्याः ऐतिहासिकनावः प्रथमजलयात्रा २०२५ वर्षे डिसेम्बर्मासस्य २९ दिनाङ्के गुजरातराज्यस्य पोर्बन्दर समुद्रपत्तनतः अधुना “ओमान” इति ख्यातम्लेच्छदेशार्थं प्रस्थितः | अयं मार्गः बहुपूर्वतनकाले यवनानां भारतीयानां च सुप्रसिद्धः व्यापारपन्था बभूव | अतः अस्य पथश्चयनं यूनां मनस्सु भारतविशदसामुद्रेकेतिहासस्य महत्ताबोधनार्थं पुनःस्वव्यक्तित्वजागरणाय च निदानात्मकं विद्यते | अपरमपि कारणं यदनेन भारतस्य ओमानदेशस्य कूटनीतिसम्बन्धः अनया यात्रया दृढः भवेत् | एतद्यात्रासफलतायामग्रिमजलायात्रा भारतात् इण्डोनेशियदेशं प्रति भविता यत्र झञ्झावातादिसहनपरीक्षा ओमानयात्रायां भविष्यति | जलयात्रायै शुभकामनाः प्रददतः प्रधानमन्त्रिवर्याः ट्विट्टर इति सन्देशप्रेषणानुप्रयोगतन्त्रांशे आङ्ग्लभाषायां अरबीभाषायां च स्वाभिप्रायान् प्राकटयन् |

उपसंहारः

भारते वामपन्थिभिः ऐतिहासिकैः छात्राः एवं हि बोधिताः यत् भारतीयाः आदितः एव आक्रान्ताः, अतः एव आर्याक्रमणादिविचाराः तैरुल्लिखिताः | तैर्बोधिताश्छात्राः स्वात्मानम् आङ्ग्लैः सुसंस्कृतं मन्यन्ते, चिन्तयन्ति यद्भारतीयराजैः समुद्रा उनुत्तीर्णाः, अन्येषामाक्रमणेन च भारतीयराजाः नतशिरसः इति | एवं सति भारते चोलानां समुद्रतरणं किञ्चिदिति एकेन वाक्येनोपसंह्रियते पाठ्यपुस्तकेषु | एवमेव “अहिंसकोऽयं देशः” इति पूर्वतननेतृणामभिप्रायवशात् च सेनायामतिमन्दा प्रगतिरासीत् | अधुना तु सुयोग्याः व्यवस्थाः तिसॄणामपि सेनानां कृते क्रियन्ते, परं भारते याः ४०८ एव नावः प्रचलमानाः सन्ति I यस्मिन् देशे समुद्रपथा अगम्यदेशाः व्यापारर्थं प्राप्ताः तस्मिन् देशे एतादृशी नौकान्यूनता तो अत्यन्तं दुःखप्रदैव | अतः पुनः सर्वेषां कृते विशिष्य समुद्रनौकानां विषये भारतीयविज्ञानाविष्करणरुपेयं परियोजना साफल्यं प्राप्तेति भृशं मोमुद्यते मे मनः एवेमेव उत्तरोत्तरमभिवृद्धिः स्यात् इति भारतस्य नागरिकरूपेण भगवन्तं प्रार्थये |

जयतु भारतं, जयतु संस्कृतम्||

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4)

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) was the fourth private astronaut mission launched by Axiom Space to the International Space Station (ISS), in collaboration with NASA and SpaceX.

To expand commercial activities and develop commercial space stations in low Earth orbit also To support scientific experiments in microgravity in various fields. 

The Scientific research has wide spectrum like; 

• To support experiments in microgravity across various fields, such as human health, materials science, and Earth observation.
• To deepen the understanding of how the space environment impacts biological processes and human physiology.
• To investigate applications relevant to future space missions, like life support systems, radiation protection, and space farming.

What research the axiom 4 conducted in space?

The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew conducted a wide range of experiments on the International Space Station (ISS), focusing primarily on biology, human physiology, and the effects of microgravity. 

The mission included around 60 experiments and activities representing 31 countries. 

Here are some of the key research areas and experiments:

• Biology and life sciences

1. Tardigrade study: Researched the survival, revival, reproduction, and genetic responses of the Indian strain of Tardigrades, known for their resilience to extreme conditions, including space environment.
2. Myogenesis: Investigated how the space environment affects muscle tissue development and potential treatments for muscle loss in space.
3. Cyanobacteria and microalgae: Studied the growth and properties of these organisms in microgravity for their potential use in bioregenerative life support systems for oxygen production and nutrient provision

• Human physiology and health

1. Muscle and bone degradation: Conducted studies on the effects of space travel on bone health and muscle mass loss, as well as strategies to prevent these effects.
2. Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS): Tested a new drug formula for treating vision impairment caused by long periods in space.
3. Mental health: Participated in studies to monitor the mental and behavioral health of astronauts during space missions.
4. Cerebral hemodynamics: Investigated blood circulation in the brain using ultrasound to understand cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight.
5. Neurofeedback: Evaluated the effectiveness of neurofeedback sessions in reducing stress and enhancing performance in astronauts, according to Axiom-4.
6. Microbiome profiling: Monitored changes in astronauts' gut, urine, and oral microbiomes to understand the impact of space conditions on human microbiomes. 

• Technology and materials science

1. Crop seeds: Investigated the effects of microgravity on the germination and growth of food crop seeds, aiming to develop sustainable food sources for long-duration missions.
2. Electronic displays: Tested the cognitive effects of using computer screens in zero gravity (Voyager Display) to inform the design of future spacecraft interfaces.
3. Radiation dosimeter: Tested a new, miniaturized radiation dosimeter to monitor crew radiation exposure.
4. 3D printing: Explored the impact of spaceflight on the properties of 3D printed polymers for potential use in space manufacturing.
5. Microfluidics design: Studied the behavior of liquids in microfluidic devices for potential use in drug analysis and testing in space. 

• Educational and outreach activities

1. Student experiments: Supported experiments designed by students in Brazil and Nigeria to investigate the collision of balls of differing mass and the properties of pendulums in microgravity.
2. Educational demonstrations: Conducted experiments to demonstrate the laws of physics in space versus on Earth.
3. Public outreach: Engaged with students and the public through radio communication and other initiatives to raise awareness of space exploration. 

The Ax-4 mission contributed to ongoing research on the ISS and provided valuable insights for future space missions, including India's Gaganyaan program and the development of commercial space stations.

The four-person crew included Commander Peggy Whitson (Axiom Space), Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla (ISRO), and Mission Specialists Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski (European Space Agency/Polish Space Agency) and Tibor Kapu (Hungarian Space Office).

Future research based on Ax-4 findings may lead to advancements in areas such as cancer treatment, bone health, and sustainable food production in space. As the International Space Station (ISS) nears its retirement, Axiom Space and other commercial providers are vying to create the next generation of commercial space stations. Ax-4 highlights a growing trend of commercialization in space, with private companies playing an increasingly central role in human spaceflight and space infrastructure development.

In essence, while Axiom Mission 4 itself has concluded, its impact will continue to be felt as Axiom Space progresses towards its commercial space station goals, participating nations leverage the mission's findings for their own programs, and the broader space industry adapts to the changing landscape of space exploration.

The BrahMos - भारतीय शस्त्र

The BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India and Russia. It is one of the fastest cruise missiles in the world, capable of reaching speeds of Mach 3 (three times the speed of sound) and hitting targets with high precision. The missile operates on a "Fire and Forget" principle, meaning once launched, it does not require further guidance.

Key Features of BrahMos:

• Speed: Supersonic (Mach 2.8–3.0), making interception difficult
• Range: Over 450 km, with extended-range variants reaching 800 km
• Launch Platforms: Can be launched from air, land, sea, and submarines
• Payload: High-explosive warhead (200–300 kg), ideal for hardened targets
• Accuracy: Near pinpoint precision with advanced guidance and navigation

How is the BrahMos going to perform in the Indian Air Force?

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has an air-launched version of BrahMos, which is integrated with Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets. This version allows the IAF to strike deep into enemy territory with precision and speed. Recently, BrahMos was reportedly used in precision strikes on Pakistani military bases, marking its first operational combat use. The missile has been inducted into the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force, with air-launched versions deployed on Su-30MKI fighter jets.

Recently, Bharat inaugurated a BrahMos missile production facility in Lucknow, expected to manufacture 80–100 missiles annually. This marks a significant boost to India's defense capabilities.

The BrahMos missile has seen several exciting advancements recently, strengthening India's defense capabilities. 

1. BrahMos-NG (Next Generation): A lighter, more compact version of the missile, weighing 1,290 kg compared to the original 2,900 kg. This allows fighter jets like the Su-30MKI to carry up to three BrahMos-NG missiles instead of just one.
2. Extended Range Variant: The latest BrahMos-LR version has successfully been tested with an 800 km range, significantly enhancing India's strategic reach.
3. New Production Facility: A BrahMos Aerospace Integration and Testing Facility was inaugurated in Lucknow, expected to produce 80–100 missiles annually, with plans to scale up to 150 NG variants.
4. Operational Deployment: Reports suggest BrahMos may have been used in #OperationSindoor, targeting Pakistani military sites.
5. Global Interest: Countries from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas have shown interest in acquiring BrahMos.

The export deals with Southeast Asian nations are worth hundreds of millions of dollars, boosting India's defense industry. These countries view BrahMos as a key tool for maritime security, particularly in the South China Sea, where tensions with China persist. These advancements make BrahMos an even more formidable force in modern warfare.

Shankara Jayanti

Adi Shankaracharya was a profound Indian philosopher and theologian who lived in the 8th century CE. He is best known for his work in Advaita Vedanta, a school of Hindu philosophy that emphasizes the non-dual nature of reality—asserting that the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman) are one and the same.

Born in Kalady, Kerala, in 788 CE, Shankaracharya traveled across India, engaging in debates with scholars and reviving the Vedic tradition. He established four mathas (monastic centers) in different parts of India—Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, and Badrinath—to preserve and propagate his teachings. His works include commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahmasutras, which remain foundational texts in Hindu philosophy.

Shankaracharya also introduced the Panchayatana system of worship, which honors five deities—Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya, and Ganesha—emphasizing that all forms of divinity are manifestations of the same supreme reality. His teachings continue to inspire spiritual seekers and scholars worldwide.

Today, his birth anniversary, Shankaracharya Jayanti, is celebrated with prayers and reflections on his wisdom. His philosophy of self-realization and unity remains a guiding light for many.

Adi Shankaracharya led an extraordinary life, traveling across India to spread the teachings of Advaita Vedanta and revive Hindu philosophy. His journey was both spiritual and intellectual, marked by debates, discipleship, and the establishment of monastic centers.

Shankaracharya embarked on a Digvijaya Yatra (spiritual conquest), traveling across India to engage in philosophical debates and establish monastic centers. Few such artefacts are:

• Sringeri Matha: While traveling, he witnessed a cobra shading a group of frogs from the sun, a sight he considered divine. He later established the Sringeri Matha in this location.
• Badrinath Temple: He traveled to Badrinath, where he revived the temple and appointed priests to maintain its traditions.
• Four Mathas: To preserve his teachings, he founded four monastic centers in Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, and Badrinath, each responsible for propagating different aspects of Vedic knowledge.
• Philosophical Debates: He engaged in debates with scholars across India, including Mandana Mishra, a renowned philosopher. His victory in these debates helped establish Advaita Vedanta as a dominant school of thought.

Adi Shankaracharya had several significant encounters during his travels, shaping his philosophical journey and reinforcing his teachings on Advaita Vedanta:

• Meeting Govinda Bhagavatpada

As a young seeker, Shankaracharya traveled to the banks of the Narmada River, where he met Govinda Bhagavatpada, a disciple of Gaudapadacharya.

Under his guidance, Shankaracharya deepened his understanding of Advaita Vedanta and was encouraged to write commentaries on key scriptures

• Debate with Mandana Mishra

One of his most famous encounters was with Mandana Mishra, a renowned philosopher and follower of the Purva Mimamsa school.

The debate was moderated by Ubhaya Bharati, Mandana Mishra’s wife, who was an equally learned scholar.

After a rigorous discussion, Mandana Mishra accepted Shankaracharya’s philosophy and became his disciple, later known as Sureshvara.

• Revival of Badrinath Temple

During his travels to the Himalayas, Shankaracharya rediscovered the Badrinath Temple, which had fallen into neglect.

He revived its traditions and appointed priests to maintain the temple, ensuring its continued significance in Hindu worship.

• Encounter with a Chandala (Untouchable)

In Varanasi, Shankaracharya had a profound interaction with a Chandala (an untouchable), who questioned him on the nature of Atman.

The Chandala asked, “If all beings are one in essence, why do you differentiate between high and low?”

This encounter reinforced Shankaracharya’s belief in non-duality, leading him to compose the Manisha Panchakam, a powerful philosophical hymn.

• Establishment of Four Mathas

To preserve and propagate his teachings, Shankaracharya established four monastic centers in Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, and Badrinath.

Each matha was entrusted with a specific Vedic tradition, ensuring the continuity of Advaita Vedanta.

These encounters not only shaped his spiritual journey but also strengthened his mission to unify Hindu philosophy. His legacy continues to inspire seekers across generations.

Adi Shankaracharya's influence on modern Hindu philosophy is profound, shaping spiritual thought and practice in several ways.

• Revival of Advaita Vedanta

Shankaracharya redefined Advaita Vedanta, emphasizing the non-dual nature of reality—that the individual soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman) are one.

His commentaries on the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras remain foundational texts for Hindu philosophy.

• Integration of Bhakti and Jnana

While Advaita Vedanta focuses on self-inquiry and knowledge (Jnana Yoga), Shankaracharya also acknowledged the role of devotion (Bhakti Yoga).

His hymns and prayers, such as Bhaja Govindam, emphasize devotion as a path to realization.

• Establishment of Monastic Centers

He founded four mathas (monastic centers) in Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, and Badrinath, ensuring the continuity of Hindu teachings.

These mathas continue to guide spiritual seekers and preserve Vedic traditions.

• Influence on Hindu Rituals and Worship

Shankaracharya introduced the Panchayatana system, which honors five deities—Shiva, Vishnu, Devi, Surya, and Ganesha—emphasizing the unity of divine manifestations.

His teachings helped unify various sects within Hinduism.

• Impact on Contemporary Thinkers

His philosophy has influenced modern spiritual leaders like Swami Vivekananda, Ramana Maharshi, and Sri Aurobindo, who expanded on his ideas.

His emphasis on self-realization and inner inquiry continues to inspire seekers worldwide.

Adi Shankaracharya established four mathas (monastic centers) in different regions of India to preserve and propagate Advaita Vedanta. Each matha was assigned a specific Vedic tradition and continues to be a center of spiritual learning.

The Four Mathas:

1. Sharada Peetham (Sringeri, Karnataka) – Associated with the Yajur Veda.
2. Govardhana Matha (Puri, Odisha) – Associated with the Rig Veda.
3. Dwarka Peetham (Dwarka, Gujarat) – Associated with the Sama Veda.
4. Jyotir Math (Badrinath, Uttarakhand) – Associated with the Atharva Veda.

These mathas continue to guide spiritual seekers and uphold the teachings of Sanatana Dharma.

Jyotir Math (Badrinath, Uttarakhand)--Associated with the Atharva Veda.

Established in the northern region, it became a center for spiritual discourse and Vedic studies.

The first Shankaracharya of this matha was Totakacharya, a direct disciple of Adi Shankaracharya.

The matha follows the Nandavala Sampradaya and worships Bhagwan Narayana and Purnagiri Devi.

Sharada Peetham (Sringeri, Karnataka)--Associated with the Yajur Veda.

Located in the southern region, it became a hub for philosophical discussions and education.

The first Shankaracharya was Sureshvaracharya, another disciple of Adi Shankaracharya.

The matha houses the Vidya Shankara Mandir dedicated to Shiva and Sharadamba Mandir dedicated to Devi Saraswati.

Govardhan Matha (Puri, Odisha)--Associated with the Rig Veda.

Established in the eastern region, it played a crucial role in preserving Vedic traditions.

The first Shankaracharya was Padmapadacharya, a disciple of Adi Shankaracharya.

The matha worships Jagannatha Vishnu and Vimala Devi, and follows the Bhogavala Sampradaya.

Dwarka Peetham (Dwarka, Gujarat)--Associated with the Sama Veda.

Located in the western region, it became a center for Vedic music and chanting.

The first Shankaracharya was Hastamalakacharya, another disciple of Adi Shankaracharya.

The matha is also known as Kalika Math and follows the tradition of Vedic recitation. 

International Women's Day

On March 8th every year we celebrate Women's day...many say they are backbone of society.

They are surely..however they are not always treated with dignity or respect!..Reasons can be many or just one..the male dominated society can't accept women as superior power..

In Bharat..as a civilisation we call women as "Naari Shakti". The worm power...as a nation we have given immense support, respect and empowerment to this 50% population of the society. 

Being the part of this land and responsible citizen, I thought let me narrate the stories of such women power, who are not only working but shaping the various fields that make the society harmonious, successful and prosperous. 

The dialogues with women achievers began on 2021, and the journey still continues...long way to go. The purpose is to build the treasure of Naari Shakti, for our future generation to refer and feel proud about. 

lets read about few such women of our nation

1 Padmashree Kum. Nivedita Raghunath Bhide

A prominent Indian social worker and the All-India Vice President of the Vivekananda Kendra, Kanyakumari. She has dedicated her life to promoting the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and has been actively involved in education, skill development, and character-building initiatives. She has also represented India at international forums, including UNESCO meetings and seminars on Swami Vivekananda's relevance. In recognition of her contributions, she was honoured with the Padma Shri award in 2017. She joined Kendra at the age of 20, when many girls dream about their future husband or career. 

She has been instrumental in training full-time workers (Jeevanvratis) and teachers associated with the Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalayas, which focus on holistic education. She coordinates the Vivekananda Kendra Institute of Culture in Guwahati, which promotes India's rich cultural heritage. She has represented India at international forums, including a UNESCO meeting in Darwin, Australia, for the Asia-Pacific region in 1999. Nivedita Bhide has authored over 15 books and delivered lectures at prestigious institutions like IITs and international universities. 

2 Bharati Thakur

Founder of N.A.R.M.A.D.A. (Nimar Abhyudaya Rural Management and Development Association), a spiritually oriented service mission. She established this organization in 2010 after completing the Narmada Parikrama, a significant spiritual journey along the banks of the Narmada River. N.A.R.M.A.D.A. focuses on providing free education, vocational training, and empowerment programs for economically weaker sections in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh2.

Bharati's dedication to social work is inspiring—she left a promising career to work in neglected areas, helping tribal children return to school and addressing issues like child labor and education dropouts. Her efforts have expanded to include initiatives like informal education centers, vocational training, and women's empowerment programs.

3 Dr. Shipra Dhar

Dr. Shipra Dhar Srivastava is a gynecologist based in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, known for her compassionate and impactful work. She has been actively working to change societal attitudes towards the birth of girl children. At her hospital, she does not charge any fees when a girl child is born and celebrates the occasion by distributing sweets. This initiative is part of her efforts to combat the stigma surrounding the birth of girls and to promote gender equality.

Her work has gained recognition, including praise from Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who highlighted her efforts as an example of supporting the "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" campaign. Dr. Shipra Dhar Srivastava is also dedicated to educating underprivileged girls and has been a strong advocate against female foeticide.

4 Dr. Mridul Kirti

Renowned scholar and poet known for her poetic translations of Hindu scriptures into Hindi and Brij Bhasha. Her work includes translations of the Samaveda, Ashtavakra Gita, and the Bhagavad Gita, among others. She has received numerous accolades, including the Vishwa Hindi Samman in 2023 for her contributions to Hindi literature. Dr. Mridul Kirti's translations have significantly enriched contemporary Hindi literature by making ancient Hindu scriptures more accessible and engaging. Her poetic renditions in Hindi and Brij Bhasha have preserved the spiritual essence of texts like the Samaveda, Ashtavakra Gita, and Bhagavad Gita while presenting them in a lyrical and relatable form. This approach has not only revived interest in these classical works but also inspired a new wave of poetic translations in Hindi literature.

Her work bridges the gap between traditional Sanskrit texts and modern readers, fostering a deeper appreciation for India's cultural and spiritual heritage. By using poetic forms like Chaupai and Geetika Chhand, she has also contributed to the revival of classical Hindi poetic styles. many of which are poetic renditions of ancient Hindu scriptures. 

Here are some notable examples:

• Samaveda: The first poetic translation of the Samaveda in Hindi, written in Chaupai Chhand. This work retains the rhythmical essence of the original text and was inaugurated by the former President of India, R. Venkataraman.
• Ashtavakra Gita: A poetic translation in Geetika Chhand, capturing the philosophical depth of this scripture.
• Shrimad Bhagavad Gita: Translated into Brij Bhasha, this poetic rendition was released by former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It is unique for narrating the Gita in the language of Mathura, Lord Krishna's birthplace.
• Nine Upanishads: A poetic translation of nine Upanishads, including Isha, Kena, Katha, and others. This work was inaugurated by former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma.
• Patanjali Yoga Darshan: The first-ever poetic translation of this scripture, which includes detailed explanations alongside the original text.

5. Smt. Lakhimi Baruah

Lakhimi Baruah is a remarkable figure from Jorhat, Assam, known for her contributions to empowering women through financial independence. She founded the Konoklota Mahila Urban Cooperative Bank, Assam's first women-run cooperative bank, in 1998. This bank was established to support underprivileged women by providing them with accessible financial services and opportunities.

Her efforts have positively impacted thousands of women in Assam, helping them achieve financial security. For her dedication, she was honored with the Padma Shri award in 2021.

It's a journey of humble girl child of village of Assam to the Bank owner. 

• The Konoklota Mahila Urban Cooperative Bank, founded by Lakhimi Baruah, focuses on empowering women through various financial initiatives. Here are some of the key offerings:
• Savings and Deposit Schemes: The bank provides savings accounts, recurring deposits, and term deposit options tailored to meet the needs of women, including zero-balance accounts for easy access.
• Microfinance and Loans: It offers microloans to women entrepreneurs and self-help groups, enabling them to start or expand their businesses.
• Daily Deposit Schemes: These schemes encourage women to save small amounts daily, promoting financial discipline.
• Financial Education: The bank educates women about financial independence and banking processes, helping them gain confidence in managing their finances.

6.  Ms. Barkha Trehan

Barkha Trehan is a prominent social activist and advocate for men's rights in India. She is known for her efforts to address the misuse of women-centric laws and to promote gender equality. Barkha Trehan founded the organization "Purush Aayog," which focuses on supporting men who face discrimination or false accusations. She has also directed and produced a documentary titled The Curse of Manhood, highlighting the challenges faced by men in society.

Additionally, she runs a YouTube channel where she discusses issues related to men's rights and gender-neutral laws. Her work has sparked important conversations about the need for balanced legal systems and societal awareness.

Generally we say there always a woman behind the successful man, but Barkha Trehan is a woman who is behind many men who are suffering due to unfaithful women in their life. 

7. Dr. Vasudha Apate 

Dr. Vasudha Apte is a forensic medicine expert and professor who has contributed significantly to the field. She has worked at Nair Hospital in Mumbai, where she assisted courts in solving complex cases. Dr. Apte has also shared her expertise through teaching and writing. Her book, Forensic Science, discusses around 130 topics in forensic medicine in an accessible way, originally published as articles in a Marathi newspaper and later translated into English.

Dr. Vasudha Apte has made several notable contributions to the field of forensic medicine:

• She was the first woman in Maharashtra to specialize in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
• She became the first female medico-legal expert in the state and served as the only woman Deputy Coroner in the 125-year history of the Coroners Court in Mumbai.
• Dr. Apte was the first female President of both the Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine and the Medico-legal Association of Maharashtra.

8. Dr. Mamatha Raghuveer Achantha

Dr. Mamatha Raghuveer Achanta is a prominent activist from Hyderabad, known for her work in protecting the rights of women and children. She is the founder of Tharuni, an NGO dedicated to empowering adolescent girls and women. Dr. Mamatha has been actively involved in combating child marriages, child labor, and trafficking, and has played a significant role in advocating for policy changes to protect children’s rights.

She has also founded the Network of International Legal Activists (NILA), which works globally to ensure justice for women and children through legal aid and counseling. Her efforts have led to the rescue and rehabilitation of many child marriage victims, enabling them to continue their education.

Dr. Mamatha's dedication to social causes has earned her recognition as a relentless fighter for justice and equality. Let me know if you'd like to learn more about her initiatives!

Dr. Mamatha Raghuveer Achanta faces several challenges in her activism for women's and children's rights:

• Patriarchal Attitudes: Many enforcement authorities and judicial systems still hold patriarchal views, which can hinder the implementation of laws designed to protect women and children.
• Lack of Awareness and Resources: Despite her efforts, there is often a lack of awareness among communities about their rights and the resources available to them. Financial and logistical constraints also pose significant hurdles.
• Resistance to Change: Cultural norms and traditions, such as child marriages, are deeply ingrained in some communities, making it difficult to bring about lasting change.
• Safety Concerns: Activists like Dr. Mamatha often face threats and resistance from those who benefit from exploitative practices, such as trafficking or child labor.
• Complex Issues like Climate Change: Climate change has exacerbated vulnerabilities, leading to increased risks of trafficking and exploitation for women and children. Addressing these interconnected issues requires multifaceted solutions

There are many wonderful women achievers in my list, for today few of them I felt like sharing their brief information. 

#HappyWomen'sDay

Maha Shivratri- A significant Hindu festival dedicated to Bhagwan Shiva

According to Hindu scripture, #MahaShivratri marks the day when Lord Shiva performed the cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction, known as the Tandava. It's also believed to be the night when Lord Shiva married Goddess Parvati.

Devotees believe that worshipping Lord Shiva on this night can help them overcome darkness and ignorance in their lives. It's a night of introspection and prayer, where devotees seek blessings for health, wealth, and spiritual growth. Across India, Maha Shivratri is celebrated with great fervor. Temples are decorated, and special prayers and ceremonies are held. In some regions, processions and cultural performances are also organized.

Devotees observe strict fasting and stay awake all night, engaging in meditation, chanting mantras, and performing rituals. This is seen as a way to purify the mind and body. All should chant the powerful "Om Namah Shivaya" mantra throughout the night. This mantra is believed to invoke the blessings of Lord Shiva and bring peace and prosperity...visit Shiva temples, where special prayers and rituals are conducted. Temples are often beautifully decorated, and devotees participate in the ceremonies with great devotion...read or listen to the Shiva Purana and other scriptures that narrate the legends and glories of Lord Shiva.

#Bilva (or Bel) leaves are considered sacred and are offered to the Shiva Lingam. The trifoliate leaves symbolize the three eyes of Lord Shiva and are believed to have cooling properties. Perform Abhisheka using various sacred substances like milk, honey, yogurt, ghee, sugar, and water. Each substance has a symbolic meaning.

Each substance used in the Abhishekam of the Shiva Lingam carries its own symbolic meaning and significance:

1. Milk: Represents purity and is believed to bring piousness and calmness to the mind.

2. Honey: Symbolizes the sweetness and richness of life. It's believed to attract prosperity and wealth.

3. Yogurt (Curd): Represents prosperity, nourishment, and fertility. It is also seen as a symbol of strength and virility.

4. Ghee: Symbolizes the removal of impurities and enlightenment of the soul. It is also considered to bring blessings for a healthy and long life.

5. Sugar: Represents sweetness and happiness in life. It is believed to purify and cleanse the mind.

6. Water: Represents the elixir of life and is used to purify and cleanse the Shiva Lingam.

Each of these substances is offered with devotion and care, and they are believed to invoke specific blessings and benefits from Lord Shiva.

The Shiva Tandav, also known as the Tandava Nritya, is a vigorous dance performed by Lord Shiva. It is a dance of cosmic energy that represents creation, preservation, and destruction of the universe. The Tandava is often depicted as the dance of divine bliss and is said to manifest the five activities of Shiva: creation (Srishti), preservation (Sthiti), destruction (Samhara), concealment (Tirobhava), and grace (Anugraha).

The most famous literary work that describes this dance is the "Shiva Tandava Stotram," a hymn believed to be composed by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. This hymn is a beautiful and rhythmic ode to the fierce and majestic dance of Lord Shiva.

Here are a few key aspects of the Shiva Tandav:

1. Cosmic Dance: The Tandava is considered a powerful expression of Lord Shiva's energy, and it symbolizes the rhythmic cycles of creation and destruction.

2. Nataraja: In his form as Nataraja (the King of Dance), Lord Shiva is depicted with one leg raised and the other crushing the demon of ignorance, symbolizing the victory of knowledge over ignorance.

3. Spiritual Significance: The Tandava is not just a physical dance but also a representation of the flow of energy in the universe. It is believed to inspire devotees to seek a balance between the material and spiritual worlds.

4. Symbolic Elements: The dance includes various symbolic elements, such as the drum (Damaru) representing the sound of creation, the fire (Agni) symbolizing destruction, and the Abhaya Mudra (gesture of fearlessness) indicating protection and peace.

The Shiva Tandav is a captivating and awe-inspiring aspect of Lord Shiva's mythology and holds deep spiritual significance for his devotees.

Jagaran is vital aspect of Mahashivratri celebaration ..staying awake all night, engaging in prayers, chanting mantras, and meditating.

प्रभुं प्राणनाथं विभुं विश्वनाथं जगन्नाथनाथं सदानन्दभाजम् ।

भवद्भव्यभूतेश्वरं भूतनाथं शिवं शङ्करं शम्भुमीशानमीडे ॥ 

    गले रुण्डमालं तनौ सर्पजालं महाकालकालं गणेशाधिपालम् ।

                                                जटाजूटगङ्गोत्तरङ्गैर्विशालं शिवं शङ्करं शम्भुमीशानमीडे ॥

                                                मुदामाकरं मण्डनं मण्डयन्तं महामण्डलं भस्मभूषाधरं तम् ।

                                               अनादिह्यपारं महामोहहारं शिवं शङ्करं शम्भुमीशानमीडे ॥